The Sun:
The Sun is a main sequence G2 type yellow dwarf star, present at the center of our solar system.
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System (Jupiter contains most of the rest).
It is often said that the Sun is an "ordinary" star. That's true in the sense that there are many others similar to it. But there are many more smaller stars than larger ones; the Sun is in the top 10% by mass.
The median size of stars in our galaxy is probably less than half the mass of the Sun.
Sun's Formation:
The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a solar nebula about 4.5 billion years ago. As the nebula collapsed because of its overwhelming gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk.
Most of the material was pulled toward the center to form our Sun, which accounts for 99.8% of the mass of the entire solar system.
The above diagram shows a model of layers of sun with their approximate temperature.
The layers of the sun are classified into 2 sections that are the Inner Layers and Outer Layers.The inner layers of the sun contains Core, Radiative Zone and Convection Zone. And the outer layers are Photosphere, the Chromosphere and the Corona.
a. The Sun accounts for 99.86% of the mass in the solar system.
b. The energy created by the Sun’s core is nuclear fusion.
c. The Sun is travelling at 220 km per second. It is around 24,000-26,000 light-years from the galactic centre and it takes the Sun approximately 225-250 million years to complete one orbit of the centre of the Milky Way.
d. It takes eight minutes for light reach Earth from the Sun.
e. The sun is a perfect sphere.
f. The sun will eventually be the size of earth in its end stages.
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System (Jupiter contains most of the rest).
It is often said that the Sun is an "ordinary" star. That's true in the sense that there are many others similar to it. But there are many more smaller stars than larger ones; the Sun is in the top 10% by mass.
The median size of stars in our galaxy is probably less than half the mass of the Sun.
Sun's Profile:
Radius : 432,168.6 miles | 695,508 kilometers
Mass: 1.989 × 10^30 kg
Distance from Earth : 92.92 million miles | 149.60 million kilometers | 1 astronomical unit
Sun's Formation:
The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a solar nebula about 4.5 billion years ago. As the nebula collapsed because of its overwhelming gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk.
Most of the material was pulled toward the center to form our Sun, which accounts for 99.8% of the mass of the entire solar system.
Sun's Structure:
The above diagram shows a model of layers of sun with their approximate temperature.
The layers of the sun are classified into 2 sections that are the Inner Layers and Outer Layers.The inner layers of the sun contains Core, Radiative Zone and Convection Zone. And the outer layers are Photosphere, the Chromosphere and the Corona.
Photosphere: The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun that we are most familiar with. It reaches from the surface visible at the center of the solar disk to about 250 miles (400 km) above that. The temperature in the photosphere varies between about 6500 K at the bottom and 4000 K at the top (11,000 and 6700 degrees F, 6200 and 3700 degrees C). Most of the photosphere is covered by granulation.
Chromosphere: The chromosphere is the second of the three main layers in the Sun's atmosphere and is roughly 250 miles to 1300 miles above the photosphere. The plasma (electrically charged gas) in the chromosphere has a very low density. It is about ten thousand times less dense than the underlying photosphere, and more than a million times less dense than Earth's atmosphere.
The temperature in the chromosphere varies between about 4000 K at the bottom (the so-called temperature minimum) and 8000 K at the top (6700 and 14,000 degrees F, 3700 and 7700 degrees C), so in this layer (and higher layers) it actually gets hotter if you go further away from the Sun, unlike in the lower layers, where it gets hotter if you go closer to the center of the Sun.
Corona : The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun, starting at about 1300 miles (2100 km) above the solar surface (the photosphere). The temperature in the corona is 500,000 K (900,000 degrees F, 500,000 degrees C) or more, up to a few million K. The corona is usually hidden by the bright light of the Sun's surface. That makes it difficult to see without using special instruments. However, the corona can be viewed during a total solar eclipse.
Some Facts About Sun :
a. The Sun accounts for 99.86% of the mass in the solar system.b. The energy created by the Sun’s core is nuclear fusion.
c. The Sun is travelling at 220 km per second. It is around 24,000-26,000 light-years from the galactic centre and it takes the Sun approximately 225-250 million years to complete one orbit of the centre of the Milky Way.
d. It takes eight minutes for light reach Earth from the Sun.
e. The sun is a perfect sphere.
f. The sun will eventually be the size of earth in its end stages.
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